Looming Economic Crisis in United States Free Essays

On January 21st and 22nd 2008, world financial markets crashed amidst the fears of American economy slowly are gradually moving toward recession. The emerging markets world over corrected almost 20 to 30 percent while the developed financial markets of Europe and American corrected over 10-15 percent. At present the DOW is 20 percent below its July top a signal that financial markets are entering a bear phase. We will write a custom essay sample on Looming Economic Crisis in United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Landler Timmons 2008) The paper will try to shed light on what is looming large on American economy, what are the policy or market failures which are taking the economy into recession, How the present Bush plan of stimulus will impact the scenario in future and will it be good enough to bring the economy back on track. Main contributors to the slowdown of the economy American economy is hit by numerous factors at the same time – growth slowdown, increasing unemployment numbers, falling retail sales, increasing trade deficit, weakness of dollars, emergence of Euro, housing crisis and failure of financial markets. (Landler Timmons 2008) Housing Market – The housing market has been slowing down for an year now and most presidential candidates are suggesting ways on how American economy can come out this mess. The slowdown in the housing market is due to high default rate on mortgages especially sub-prime mortgages. During the credit expansion time post first Bush tax cuts banks and financial institutions lowered their vigilance on credit rating and in quest to expand market end up giving housing mortgages to shady borrowers. Another reason why this happened was – money was easy to come and housing market was on uptrend so in case of failure of installment and foreclosure the banks and financial institutes were able to get the money back through increased price of the houses. But after the slowing down of housing markets real estate rates have fallen 5-10 percent in last year only and according to UBS it is expected go down by 15-20 percent more in coming year. Increasing National Debt – the present national debt is around 9 trillion dollars which accounts for almost 65 percent of the Gross Domestic Product. Such high level of national debt increases the interests on payments significantly and reduces the elbow space of the government in tinkering with the fiscal policy. In the past America able to finance its debt by weakening the dollar but now with emergence of Euro it has become increasing difficult to export the national debt to foreign institutions and countries which in past are happy to maintain huge dollar reserves. (Kjeldsen, 2002) Increasing Trade Deficit – The profitability of American companies have grown over the past half a decade but the trade deficit hasn’t come down. The main reason for it is off-shoring and outsourcing. American companies are making the most of low cost manufacturing and services in countries like China and India to boost their bottomline. Low level of saving rates – In response to the main reason for credit card default rate one women respondent on CNBC summed up the saving rate of Americans – â€Å"we all like to buy things, we all love to travel and we don’t want to wait for it†. This culture of plastic money spending today paying later has brought down saving rates to alarming levels and it can significantly hamper the investment in the economy. Increasing inequality among Americans – the last tax cuts provided immense benefits to the rich Americans and increased the income gap between the rich nation and poor nation. Hurricane Katrina exposed the underbelly of this growing inequality in the country and it will take years of corrective actions. Financial Markets crash – America is financial market sensitive country by that it means that the wealth effect among American can be reflected by the state of the financial markets as more than 80 percent of the population invest in the financial markets. This has let the consumer sentiments down which is resulting in lowering retail sales and subsequently lowering employment generation. (Landler Timmons 2008) President Bush Stimulus Plan President Bush has passed the stimulus plan of 168 billion into law, the stimulus plan will ensure money in the hand of real consumers in short time which will help in keeping the economy afloat by not letting the demand go drastically down. In the long run along with the tax cuts and stimulus plan the economy will able to get new investments which can bolster production and employment opportunities. The stimulus package will start providing tax cuts after May and before that it provide a one time rebate of 600 dollars for the individual and 1200 for couple and an additional 300 dollar each for a child in the family.   (MSNBC, 2008) The stimulus plan may be a step in right direction but the challenges the economy is facing are fundamental one. With high oil prices and fears of inflation the tax cuts may end up fuelling the inflation in the economy resulting in more import of cheap products from countries like China which is maintaining fixed exchange rates. Conclusion At present the economy is looking down the barrel and there is a very slim chance that it will escape recession and more importantly a growth slowing down in next 2-3 years. America is fast graying and productivity going down with increasing health costs, the times seems to be certainly tough in future. The one ray of hope is creating of jobs by investing in new technologies which America is historically good at. References Kjeldsen-Kragh, Soeren. (2002)   International Economics. Copenhagen, , DNK: Copenhagen Business School Press, 2002. Mark Landler and Heather Timmons (2008) Stocks Plunge Worldwide on Fears of a U.S. Recession. Retrieved on 17th Feb from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/22stox-web.html?_r=1hporef=slogin MSNBC (2008) Bush signs stimulus package into law. Retrieved on 17th Feb from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23143814 http://www.trb.org/publications/millennium/00138.pdf    How to cite Looming Economic Crisis in United States, Essay examples

Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment Essay Example For Students

Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment Essay Rutherfords Gold Foil ExperimentRutherford started his scientific career with much success in local schoolsleading to a scholarship to Nelson College. After achieving more academichonors at Nelson College, Rutherford moved on to Cambridge UniversitysCavendish laboratory. There he was lead by his mentor J.J. Thomson convincedhim to study radiation. By 1889 Rutherford was ready to earn a living andsought a job. With Thomsons recommendation McGill University in Montrealaccepted him as a professor of chemistry. Upon performing many experiments andfinding new discoveries at McGill university, Rutherford was rewarded the nobelprize for chemistry. In 1907 he succeded Arthur Schuster at the University ofManchester. He began persuing alpha particles in 1908. With the help of Geigerhe found the number of alpha particles emitted per second by a gram of radium. He was also able to confirm that alpha particles cause a faint but discreteflash when striking luminescent zinc sulfide screen. These greataccomplishments are all overshadowed by Rutherfords famous Gold Foil experimentwhich revolutionized the atomic model. This experiment was Rutherfords most notable achievement. It not onlydisproved Thomsons atomic model but also paved the way for such discoveries asthe atomic bomb and nuclear power. The atomic model he concluded after thefindings of his Gold Foil experiment have yet to be disproven. The followingparagraphs will explain the significance of the Gold Foil Experiment as well ashow the experiment contradicted Thomsons atomis model. Rutherford began his experiment with the philosophy of trying any damfool experiment on the chance it might work.1 With this in mind he set out todisprove the current atomic model. In 1909 he and his partner, Geiger, decidedErnest Marsden, a student of the University of Manchester, was ready for a realresearch project.2 This experiments apparatus consisted of Polonium in a leadbox emitting alpha particles towards a gold foil. The foil was surrounded by aluminescent zinc sulfide screen to detect where the alpha particles went aftercontacting the gold atoms. Because of Thomsons atomic model this experimentdid not seem worthwhile for it predicted all the alpha particles would gostraight through the foil. Despite however unlikely it may have seemed for thealpha particles to bounce off the gold atoms, they did. Leaving Rutherford tosay, It was almost as incredible as if you fired a fifteen-inch shell at apiece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you. Soon he came up with a newatomic model based on the results of this experiment. Nevertheless his findingsand the new atomic model was mainly ignored by the scientific community at thetime. In spite of the views of other scientists, Rutherfords 1911 atomicmodel was backed by scientific proof of his Gold Foil Experiment. When heapproched the experiment he respected and agreed with J.J. Thomsons, his friendand mentor, atomic theory. This theory proposed that the electrons where evenlydistributed throughout an atom. Since an alpha paritcle is 8,000 times as heavyas an electron, one electron could not deflect an alpha particle at an obtuseangle. Applying Thomsons model, a passing particle could not hit more than oneelctron at a time; therefore, all of the alpha particles should have passedstraight through the gold foil. This was not the case a notable few alphaparticles reflected of the gold atoms back towards the polonium. Hence the massof an atom must be condessed in consentrated core. Otherwise the mass of thealpha particles would be greated than any part of an atom they hit. AsRutherford put it:The alpha projectile changed course in a single encounter with a target atom . But for this to occur, the forces of electrical repulsion had to be concentrated in a region of 10-13cm whereas the atom was known to measure 10-8cm.He went on to say that this meant most of the atom was empty space with a smalldense core. Rutherford pondered for much time before anouncing in 1911 that hehad made a new atomic modelthis one with a condensed core (which he named thenucleus) and electrons orbitting this core. As stated earlier, this newatomic model was not opposed but originally ignored by most of the scientificcommunity. .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .postImageUrl , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:hover , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:visited , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:active { border:0!important; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:active , .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u909f7f9544d1284c57e5d572d2c2d02f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gettysburg Address EssayRutherfords experiment shows how scientists must never just accept thecurrent theroies and models but rather they must constently be put to new testsand experiments. Rutherford was truly one of the most successful scientists ofhis time and yet his most renowned

Mary Oliver A Poetry Handbook vocabulary Flashcard

Mary Oliver A Poetry Handbook vocabulary

how hitler rose to power essays

how hitler rose to power essays In my belief on my knowledge and what I've read and heard about Hitler, I think that Hitler came to power by his words what Germany's econmical situation was. At the time Germany had just lost World War I and was in a depression frome the reparations the the Allies of WWI demanded for the damages Germany caused. During this time many political factions were fighting for power of Germany. Among these parties were Capitalists, Socialists, Communists, and a small new group called the German Workers Party. Adolf Hitler was a quiet Corporal in the 2nd Regimant in the German Army. The nhe was given an assignment along with a few other men from his regiment.This assignment was to enter a meeting of a small group calling themselves the German Workers Party. On September 20, 1919 Adolf and a few others dressed in civilian clothes and attended the meeteing. during the meeting Gottfried Feder was giving a speach titled " How and by what means is capitalism to be eliminated?' After the speach a man rose up and spoke in favor of the German State of Bavaria breaking away from Germany. An enraged Hitler spoke forcefully for fifteen minutes to the astonishment of everyone. One of the founders named Anton Drexler whispered "...he's got the gift of gab. We could use him." Andon then gave Adolf a forty page pamphlet entitled, "My Political Awakening." In Mein Kampf, Hitler describes the condition of the party... "...aside from a few directives, there was nothing, no program, no leaflet, no printing matter at all, no membership cards, not even a miserable rubber stamp..." Young Adolf saw opprotunity in this little unorganized party. After two days of thinking Hitler decides to joing the German Workers Party. In 1919 at the age of thirt, Hitler began a frenzied effort to succeed. The German Workers Party mainly consisted of an executive committe which had seven members including Hitler. By now you ask, how did Hitl...

What causes recessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

What causes recessions - Essay Example By definition, a recession refers to a two or more consecutive quarters of a general decline in economic activity [gross domestic product] (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel and Macpherson 171). Generally a precursor of a depression, a recession is comparatively less severe but with almost similar dramatic economic effects.   While the numerous past recessions appear unique in terms of origin, all are preceded by the Greenspan’s irrational exuberance that unduly escalates asset values (5). To be sure, there is no one single cause of a recession (Simpson 12-13). Economists are in agreement that while a significant event in a particular sector with notable economic effects may be a trigger, a number of factors often come into play to magnify economic contraction into a visible catastrophe. Accordingly, the causes are categorized into two: the demand side shocks that hit one or various components of the aggregate demand [AD] and the supply-side shocks that affect the short-run aggregate supply, inflation [through cost push], investments and business profits. According to the demand side economics, a recession can be triggered by one or a combination of: an economic slump of a major trading partner, which may be a country or region/an economic block [such as the EU]; a credit crunch driven by the inab ility of the financial institutions to meet lending requirements of households and businesses or conscious cutting back of credit through abnormally raised interest rates on loans; a sharp fall or total collapse of crucial asset prices [such as property prices]; and a trade imbalance prompted by an abnormal appreciation of the exchange rate (Tatom 2). On the other hand, the supply recession-causing shocks include: increasing international oil prices that subsequently translate into increased cost of production [through the oil costs

A Science Column Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Science Column - Essay Example A physical quantity is defined by the sequence of operations used to determine its value (Wiliamson). The grouping of several physical quantities to find out the values of each in relation to each other is what constitutes a physical law which is defined as. The laws of thermodynamics relate the heat with temperature changes in materials of different kinds. To be clearer on this, let us begin by defining the various laws of thermodynamics. To begin with the first laws which states that Heat is a form of energy, and energy is conserved (Wiliamson). Here the first law confirms that heat is a form of energy and that it can be conserved. This is seen when we use electricity in our homes, the electrical energy is usually stored in the form of water which is then used to drive turbines hence generating electricity which we often use in our homes. This can always be conserved to minimize wastages by either conserving the water stored in a dam or switching off the electricity when not in use . The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in three different ways as defined by three different scholars. For our study we are going to use the definition of Kelvin which states that No cyclic process exists which produces no other effect than the extraction of heat from a body and its conversion into an equivalent amount of work (Wiliamson). The second law of thermodynamics here brings out the reversibility of thermodynamic processes, that is heat is never lost to the surrounding environments given that all factors such as heat loss to the surroundings through evaporation and other heat transfer processes are under control. This is always carried out in the laboratory by using a calorimeter, a laboratory instrument which is used to measure the amount of heat generated through chemical reactions and other physical changes. The calorimeter is designed for this purpose as it is made in such a way that it can minimize heat loss to the surrounding environment as well as heat gain from the same thus ensuring that heat contained in the materials is the same that is used in the entire experiment. It was upon the realization of the limiting factors in the definition of the term temperature by the two thermodynamic laws that the Zeroth law was devised the help in bridging the gap that was omitted. The zeroth law suggests that If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in equilibrium with each other (Wiliamson). This law enables one to order systems according to the direction of heat flow when these two systems are put into contact with each other. For this reason, a system is said to be hotter if heat flows from it into the other system which in this case is considered a colder one than the other when these two systems are put into contact with each other. The reverse is however true in the other direction. The third law of thermodynamics on the other and explains that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the t emperature approaches absolute zero (Wiliamson). This law suggests that all motions in a material tend to come a standstill, cease within that particular material as the temperature of that material reduces to absolute zero. All materials however must reach a state whereby the temperatures reduce to absolute zero hence no thermodynamic motions occurring within them. The three laws of

Promoting access to medical technologies - from Chile's perspective Research Paper

Promoting access to medical technologies - from Chile's perspective mun position - Research Paper Example Chile believes that this is one of the issues that international peace is being put on stakes. In order to bring peace in the world, there needs to be uniformity and equality among countries. Therefore, Chile positions the aspect of promotion of access to medical technologies for developing countries (World Health Organization). In the present times, Chile is determined to undertake treaties and agreements that would allow developing countries to benefit from it. Among these agreements, Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP) seems to work effectively for negotiation from 12 countries. Chile is among these 12 countries that are committed to develop medical research and technologies in developing countries so that the current research protocol in the developed countries can be shifted or shared with the developing countries. Similar to these treaties are the forum discussion being held with Chile with Asian developing countries where effective and life-saving medicine research is being sponsored so that chronic diseases can now be treated. It is an evident fact that medicine and technology cannot be applied until constant lab work is done within the developing countries. For this purpose, Chile has proposed the initiation of university programs that will be aided by the country along with the infrastructure. Chile c ompletely understand that at this point where international politics have become increasingly critical, exchange of technology can surely be a way to bring peace and harmony. It will spread equality among developing and developed countries so that conflicts can be finished (Li). It is thus recommended that developed countries of the world must come forward and promote medical technologies access by forming legal and policy options. There needs to be effective research done on the empirical data confirming the assisted usage of medical technologies in developing countries (Zuniga, Marks and Gostin). It is